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The origin, the strategic significance and purpose of 863 project
Since the 1980s, new technology revolution wave have strong impacting the world, the centre of this technology revolution are information technology, biotechnology, new materials, and other high-tech. This revolution produced huge impact on the development of productive forces, human creativity, also caused profound changes in economy, society, culture, politics, military and other areas. High-tech and high-tech industry had become the most primary competition among nations, especially between big powers. Practices have proved that, people that mastered high-tech, seized "commanding height" and forward positions of science and technology can developed more prosperous in economy, more independent in politics, more proactive in strategy. Therefore, many countries looked whether have high-tech development as one important part of national development strategy, they spent huge amount of investment, a large number of organizations and human resources on it. In 1983, the United States issued "Strategic Defense Initiative" (Star Wars), followed by the Europe's "Eureka" program, then the "2000 Comprehensive Platform for Scientific and Technological Progress" of CMEA members and Japan's "Science and Technology Promotion Policies of the next 10 Years", and so on. These programs were focused on the strategic plan for the 21st century. The implementation of these plans produced certain impact and vibration for the world's high-tech development.
Chinese economy and society development were faced with many important issues, such as population, food, energy, environment, there is an urgent need of breakthroughs and applications of high-technology. As one large developing socialist country we should adapt to the new situation of rapid development for high-tech world, actively tracking the world's advanced level, narrowed the gap with foreign countries, appropriate concentrate our efforts, deployment jobs on the limited high-tech fields, and it will promote great significance in economy and society development, particular in agriculture modernization and industrialization, technological upgrading of enterprises.
On March 3, 1986, four old scientists: Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, Chen Fangyun wrote a letter to the CPC Central Committee, proposed to track the world's advanced level, developed Chinese high-tech. This letter has been attached great importance of Comrade Xiaoping, and he personally wrote: that propose must be decided without delaying.
Comrade Xiaoping's instructions, is a great policy-making which have far-reaching significance, from that time Chinese high-tech research and development has entered a new stage. In order to make this project viable, reduced the risk to minimum, in the subsequent six months, The CPC Central Committee and the State Council organized more than 200 experts to study the deployment of high-tech development strategy, after three extremely strict scientific and technical feasibility studies, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved the "high-tech research development program (863 program)."
China is a developing country, proceeding from national conditions, we have no condition to put in a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to comprehensive develop large-scale high-tech in a longer period, it is impossible and no necessary to compete with developed countries about high-tech advantage in the worldwide. Therefore, the 863 project based from the world's high-tech development trends and Chinese actual needs and practical proceed, adhere to "limited objectives, focused on priority," and choose 7theme 15 areas (biotechnology, space technology, information technology, laser Technology, automation technology, energy technology and new materials) as the focus of china high-tech research and development. We organized part of science and technology elites force on that and hope through 15 years efforts, achieve the following objectives:
1、Tracking international level, narrowing the gap with foreign countries in several of the most important high-tech fields, and striving to have breakthrough in our advantage areas, creating conditions for economic development and national security in the end of this century especially in early next century;
2、Cultivate a new generation talents with high-level science and technology;
3、Drive scientific and technological progress of relevant aspects through the umbrella radiation;
4、Lay more advanced foundation for the beginning of the next century's economic development and national defense, and create a good condition for technology and high-tech development;
5、Connect initial research results with other application development plans, and quickly transforme them into productive forces, exert economic benefits.
From that time we began firmly implemented high-tech research development plan. As scientists recommendations and Comrade Deng Xiaoping's instructions are made in march 1986, so named this grand plan "863 program".
Compared to other countries high-tech development plan Chinese "863 program" has the following characteristics:
1、As a developing country's high-technology project, it was been identified quite limited areas and goals, and mainly focus on economic development and improving people's living standard;
2、Study with an open mind on international effective experience and advanced technology and actively promote backward circumstances of exchanges and cooperation of international high-tech research and development in high-tech foundation;
3、Government-led implementation "863 project", while encouraging enterprises participate.
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